Wire-netting machine.



J. A. HOLMQUIST.

WIRE NBTTING MACHINE.

APPLIGA'MON FILED MAR.28,1912.

1,089,054. Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

ll vl T :183755,

J. A. HOLMQUIST. WIRE NBTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2a, 1912.

Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. A. HOLMQUIST. WIRE NETTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED mmf/28,1912.

1,089,054, Patented Mar.3, 1914.

5 SBEBTS-SHEET 3.

F' .4. ,ee/z 2615/'1730 z' /gg J. A. HOLMQUISI'. WIRE NETTING MACHINEAPPLICATION FILED MAIm, 1912` 1,089,054, Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

i Y ff .fahr/. Holmm t' J. A.I HOLMQUIST. WIRE NETTING MACHINE.APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2s, I912 1,089,054. Patented Mar.3,1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED srnfriis PATENT oFFio-E.

JOHN A.'HOLMQUIST, 0F JOHNSTOWN. PENNSYLVANIA.

WIBE-NETTING MACHINE.

clare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to wire-fence machines and to the manufacturethereby, of wire-netting with substantially polygonalshaped meshes, inwhich the wires are continuous throughout the length of the fence, beingtwisted or interwoven together as they travel through the machine.

One of the principal objects of my inveny tion is to form the fencing ornetting by twisting iii:l wires together :is they are coniinuonr-:lyadvanced through the. machine7 thus producing the fabric with greatregularity und rapidity.

y Another objectof my invention is to feed the. wires, from convenientreels or coils containing large quantities of wire.y into directtwislers, which, while capable of rotation in either direction.y aremounted in a stationary framework without lateral or longitudinalmovement, said twisters being adapted to produce a righthand, and thenby a reverse movement, produce a lefthand twist of the same amount7 andvice versa, thereby pre` venting the entanglement of the stock wires inthe rear of the machine.

Another object ist@ provide another series of twisters, each capable ofmaking what is known as a reverse twist, that is :-one in which portionsof the wires imnie icly in advance of the twister, assume s;Y brins,while :it the same time, rear portion.A of the wires. immediately behindthe't\i'isl;er. assume spiral forms of the opposite hand. 'lhus each ofthese reverse twists is .cont posed ot' two parts. one of which isrightliainl spirals and the oi her lcfthand spirals connected :n thecenter of the twist.

Anothfiier obliwt of in v invention is 4to S0 arrange the mecha sin forconducting these two kinds ol' twisting operations, that they areperform-'i nt the same time, thereby making one ros ot each kind oftwists across the fabric :substantially simultaneously, i (3. Fig. 6 isa longitudinal section of a poi- 110 Specification of Letters latent.

Application filed March 28. 1912.

Patented Mar. 3, 1914. seriai No. 686,831.

which further conduces to speed of manufacture.

.Another object of my invention is to pro-` vide .a revolving frameworkor drum for carrying and operating the reverse twisters, during therevolution of said framework, whereby, in coperation with the directtwisters, the fabric is formed continuously during its progress throughthe machine.

Another object is to so construct and arrange the direct twisters thatthey also serve as means for directly placing and holding Vthe wiresinsuch positions that they will be i,

properly received by the reverse twisters as these latter revolve withtheir drum, thereby cbviating the necessity of providing independentshifting mechanism for transferring the weft-wires from side to side, ashas been heretofore customary.

By means of my invention wire-netting or fencing may be made withcontinuous substantially straight edges or selvage wires, which may beeither single, double or triple, and with meshes of general hexagonalform between the, marginal selvage wires; and in addition to this. itmay be constructed with substantially` straight intermediate wiresrunning longitudinally through the centers of the hexagonal meshes,thereby stren hening the fabric and making it. more rigid and capable ofbeing thoroughly stretched on the posts or supports for its ultimateuse, without sagging or narrowinig.

Other objects and details o my invention will hereinafter appear.

Referring now to the accompanying five sheets of drawings which formpart of this specification and in which like characters denote likeparts: Figure 1 is a rear elevation of the machine, Fig. 2 is anelevation of that side which is at the left of Fig. 1, Figi'. avertical, trmisvorse sectional elevation taken on thi; ie li.- l. Fig. 4a reni" elevation of the top of iho machine slioning the revolvingtwist- 100 ving-drinn carrying the rotatable reverse twisters and partof the mechanism for operating the same; the stationary bearingian'containing the first series of direct twsters having been removed tomore 105 clearly show the construction and operation of saidtwisting-drum. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of a portion of thetwisting-drum taken on the line V--V of Fig.

tion of the twisting drum, showing one of the supporting members for thereverse twisters removed therefrom, the rack-bar operating said twistersbeing shown in elevation. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of one of thereverse twisters taken in a plane at right angles to the Longitudinalsection thereof, shown in Fig. 5. in order to fully 'illustrate thisportion of my apparatus. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the upper part ofthe machine, the cap-member of the 'statlonary bearing bar for thedirect twisters having been removed for clearness of illustration. Eig.9 is a vertical transverse section taken on the line IX--IX of Fig. 10,one of the tubular twisting fingers being shown in section and its mate,mounted in the same twister-head, being shown in elevation. 'Fig 1() isan `illustration of a por tion of the stationary bearingbar for thedirect twistcrs with the rear cap-member removed therefrom, showing therear of the said twisters, their gears and the actuating rack therefor.Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are detailed views of portions of the twistingmechanisms showing the different positions which the wires assume asthey pass into the machine and through the twisting mechanisms thereof;indicating the operations of twisting as follows :--Fig. 11 shows thepositions of the wires before the twisting operations begin, Fig. 12shows the positions of the wires after the first set, or directtwisters, have been turned one rotation. It should be noted thatbeginnin with the positions shown in Fig. 11, the rst half rotation ofthe twisting fingers lays the adjoining wires-'across each other andacross the intermediate strand-wires, in case these vlatter are used.Fig. 13 shows the positions which the wires assumeafter the first set ordirect twisters have rotated three times, thus 'completing their workfor the row of direct twists shown in this drawing, and the second setor revolving rotaryreverse twisters have accomplished part of onerotation and a part of a revolution with the drum. Fig. 14 shows thepositions which the wires assume just before they enter the advancingline of receiving-notches on the revolving twisting-drum, the tubes ofthe direct twisters having been previously turne about three rotationsas heretofore stated; and the secondary or revolving rotary reversetwisters have finished about one rotation and a further fraction of arevolution with the drum, thereby continuing their woreA on theprow ofreverse twists shown in the upper part of this figure. This reversetwisting is completed just before the wires pass from the lower part ofthe drum as shown `in Fig. 3. Although in the illustrations, the directtwists are each shown as farmed b3 about three turns of cach twistedwire; and the reverse twists -shaft 4 as shown.

are each shown as formed by about two turns of the wires on each side ofthe middle of the twist, one side being about two turns of left spirals,and the other side being about two turns of right spirals, l wish itunderstood that'my machine and manufacturc may be adapted to make anynumber of turns desired, in any of the twists to best serve the purposeintended. rl`liis I can accomplish by adapting or adjusting the twistersto rotate any desired number of times during their operation, as will bereadily understood. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary detail view of a portion ofone style of my finished wire-netting or fencing, showing at thelefthand side, the marginal strandwire, which may be single, as drawn,or may be double or triple, and twisted into cable form as desired. Inthis illustration the meshes are shown as hexagons. divided however,into ltwo parts by intermediate longitudinal strand-wires, about or withwhich the other fabric wires or weft-wires are coiled shown. Fig. 16 isa fragmentary view of a portion of another style of netting or fencingmade on the machine, in which the intermediate longitudinal strandwiresare not used, the meshes in this case being substantially hexagonal.Fig. 17 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a fabric made by themachine, showing a straight selvage or marginal wire and the mesh-wirecoiled around the same in alternating righthand and lefthand twists.Fig. 18 is a detailed view of a marginal direct twister showingI astraight selvage or marginal strand-wire passing through the centerthereof, and a mesh-wire coiled around the same by the diagonal tubularfinger of said twister. Fig. 19 is a detailed view of a somewhatslightly different form of marginal twister to accomplish the sameresult as shown, the strand-wire in this case passing eccentricallythrough the body of the twister, but issuing concentric therewith,through the end of the inwardly detiected tubular finger thereof, asshown.

Referring now to the characters of reference on the various drawingswhich form part of this specification :dThe base of the machine isindicated at 1.,.which may be set upon a suitable foundation and securedthereto by anchor bolts as shown; mounted on this base are the twoside-frames 2, which are of somewhat similar construction, but right andleft- The base 1 also supports the side-standard 3 which carries aillow-block or bearing for the driving- The side-frames, as shown, areprovided with various recesses, supporting ribs, seats and bearings, inor on which are mounted the various parts and mechanisms of the machine,and means are provided for 'securing and adusting the same thereto. inthe end of t e drivingthereof.

shaft 4 tht` inainfdrivingbelbpulley 5 mounted and. providetil with themaiirdriving-belt (i connected with any suitable source of power; notshown. On an intermediate portion ot' the driving-shaft 4 themain-drivinggear i' is mounted, which meshes with the. gear 8 mounted onthe intermediate shait l". On the other end of the shaft L: mo inted thegear l0 which meshes wth he girar 11. which latter gear is mounted andsecured on theI end ol' the twisting drunwshatt 1:2. The revolubletwistingrdruint indicated in general as 13,'

is mounted on he drum-shatt- 12 and carries a pluralityy ot rotarytwisters 1t, each ot' which ha:` a twisting slot 15 and a wear plate 16,these twisters being adapted to rotate by the gearieeth 1T, which formpart The twisttrs 14 are mounted and supported in the bearingmeinbers18, which are shown as ot' Lsection. but may be of any other convenientshape. The bearing-members 18 are provided with longitudinal grooves 19therein Aand with circular openings 20, which form bearings for thetwisters 14. i

The supporting members 18 are shown in pairs secured in place andtogether by means of bolts as shown, whereby the twisters may be mountedor demounted as desired, for replacement or repair. In the rcntrantangle of each of the supporting members 18 are the notched or beveledopenings 21 opposite each `end of each twister 14, said beveled openingsbeing t0 proijide the necessary clearance and form substantial partswith which the wires may contact, and also serve as passages forsupplying oil to the bearings of the twisters 1i. The bearing-membersare also provided with a plurality of tapered notches formed thereinopposite the center of each of the twisters 14, said notches formingreceiving guides wherein the advancing wires pass into the twistcrsduring the revolutlon ot' the twisting-drum and eventually pass out ofthe saine, as said drum continues its revolution as indicated generallylon Fig. 3

o'tl the drawings.

A number of rack-bars 23 are slidably mounted on the tvistingfdrum andprovided with teeth 2li. ich teeth nit with the gcaz--tf--eth 17 of therotary rev Y. twister-s 14. The ends ot the rack-bars are pro vided withotl'set portions on which are rercluhly mounted anti-friction rollers 26which are adapted to contact` with and be operated b v thestationaryvtwisting-cant :'27 secured to the frame of thtA machine asshown. and the antitrietion rollers on the other ends of the Saidrack-bars are adapted to contact with and be operated by the stationaryreturn-cam 28, secured to the opposite trame. The operation of saidrackbai-` and the ctmseouent rotation of the relverse twisters 14 isaccomplished by the revolution of the twisting-drum in coperation withthe twistingfani 2T and thtstationary' ie`tiii'ntz1m 2H. :is lniretoforede scribed.

The stationaryv bar which serves to ro tatably support the directtwisters is indicated as 29 and is provided with a forward y portion 30having a groove 31 formed t therein; 32 is the removaliile side cap-memNber of the bearing-bar 25) and is a groove formed therein. The rack-haris slidi ably mounted in the grooves 31 and 33 as shown, and providedwith teeth 33 on a portion of the upper edge thereof` which mesh withgears It on the ends ot the .stationary direct twisters 3T. 'lheintermediate cylinlrical spindle portion ot' the direct twisters isindicated at 38, while 39 are circular holes in the stationarybearingbar which forni bearings for said direct twisters; oil for thelubrication ot which, is supplied through the oil-hole 40. The directtwister-s are each provided with an enlarged cylindrical head 41 shownas formed integral with the intermediate cylindrical spindle portionthereof, while 4Q represent cylindrical holes in the forward portion ofthe bearing-bar 29 to receive and form bearings and supports tor sniflai-ged heads 41. The intermediate it? ry direct twisters are eachprovided with pair of tubular fingers arrenfr l 'lh nally flaring, withtheir ends sp sired.

44 are central holes through the direct twisters for the passage of thestrand-wires therethrough.

43 is a straight twister-tinger ot the marginal direct twister, the endot which is eccentric with the twister so as to produce a certain amountof twist in the marginal or selvage wire, as tlzf inrsirwirc is beingwound with it, as shin-'n in Figs. 11 to 1h inclusive.

As shown in Fig. 1i?, 13b is a marginal twister-linger, the delivery endof which is concentricall),7 located -vith respect to the twister fordelivering [lic marginal strandm wire straight. with; twisting.

4.1 are the sui. tntiaily straight selvage4 or ,maro nl stra l-wireswhich are delivered oncentrif-ally nl' the marginal twisters, asdescimeil herein. The. intermediate strand-wires, where usetlt aremarked 45 and enter through holes Sii in the members4 3() and 3Q.

45a are selvage strandwires which are delivered eccentrically by themarginal twister and are thereby intercoiled or twisted with themesh-wires as shown at 48 and 49a, this :t'orm being made by themarginal direct twisters shown in Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive.

46 are mesh-Wires or weft-Wires, and 47 to correspond with the mesh andtwist i' twister.

49 are lefthand twists, but otherwise the same as the twists 48.

48d are righthand twists, each formed of a selvage wire and a mesh-wirewhich are twisted together and around each other by the form of marginaltwister shown in Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive. 49 are lefthand twists, butotherwise the same as the twists 48a.

48b are intermediate righthand twists of the weft-wires made by the formof intermediate direct twisters shown in Figs. 3, 9,

-11, 12, 13 and 14; while 49b are intermediate lei'thand twists of theweft-wires, but otherwise the same as the twists 48.

50 are intermediate reverse twists formed by the reverse twisters 14.

It will be noted that the direct twists eX- tend in a substantiallycontinuous row across the fabric, while the next rows of direct twistson either side thereof, are of the opposite hand. The reverse twists asshown are composed'of duplex. spirals, one end of each being formed ofrighthand spirals and the other end of each twist being formed oflefthand spirals. It should also be noted that the direct twists 48a and49" when made in connection with the marginal wires 453 are, as shown inFigs. 15 and r16, each composed of two spirals intercoiled about eachother, that is -the marginal wire is coiled around the weft-wire, andthe weft-wire is also coiled around the marginal wire, thus making avery secure connection. This may be accomplished by the action of thetubular fingers of the marginal twister shown iny Figs, 11 to 14inclusive, which^are eccentric with respect to said twister, therebycoil ing said marginal wire and welt-wire around, each other to thedegree shown. It should,

however, be further noted, that by increasing the tensionof the marginalor strand wires, in any case, these may be maintained substantiallystraight as and. where the mesh-wires are coiled around them. It shouldalso be noted that by decreasing the tension of the strand-wires, in anycase, they maybe made wavy, or to assume a spiral form as and where theweft-wires are coiled with them, thereby forming twists in bot-h ofthese wires and thereby more securely locking them together, if desired.Thus by the operation of the mechanism shown, or by the adjustment ofthe operation thereof,

or by a; combination of said mechanism and adjustment, any of the stylesof direct twists shown herein may 'be made.-

A form of netting is shown in Fig. 16 from which the intermediatelongitudinal strand-wires are omitted, thereby forming a netting withstubstantially hexagonal meshes, and this form, as well as that` shownin Fig. 16, may be made on the-machine.

By varying the distances between the twisters and between the otherpartof the mechanism which operates between the varidus wires, anet-ting of any size, mesh or proportion can bel made, andin ease lwherethe machine is constructed to make a wide fabric, it may be made to maketwo or more narrower strips at the same time. The sizes of lthe/wires`used may also beA varied and any pre-determined number of twists may bemade at each intersection to best accomplish the purpose intended. Themeshes may also be made longer or shorter by arranging the coilinmechanisms at diii'erent distances longitu inally and timing their bythe adjustment of operation accordingly,

as will the gearing and other mechanisms, be readily understood. i

On one end of the shaft 9'is mounted the bevel-gear 52 which mesheswiththe bevelgear 53 mounted 'on the shaft- 54 on which latter' shaftacrank-arm 55' is secured as shown. A connecting-rod or pitman 56 ispivotlly connected to the crank-'arm 55 by means of the bolt 57 asshown. Another cylindricalhole 58 is provided in the connecting-rod 56for the purpose of shortening` and adjustingl the stroke thereof byconnecting it to the crank-arm 55 through another hole 59 as shown,which is slotted in form to allow for radialdjustment. y'W'hen theconnecting-rod 56 is connected to the crankarm 55 through thesupplementary holes `58 and 59. the stroke of the said rod is sh0rtenedand a lesser number of rotations is then made by the direct twisters 37operated thereby. This means of adjustment is provided so as to vary thenumber of turns of the wire made by the direct twisters and thereby varythe product in a' predetermined mannertand also for the purpose ofexactly adjusting the number of rotations made by these twisters for anyparticular form of fabric. This adjustment may be made in cooperationwith the adjustable connection ofthe pitman 56 to the arm 61 of thetoothed-sector 63 which operates the direct twisters. The opposite endof the connecting-rod 56 is provided with an elongated slot 60 in whichare adjustably mounted the bearing-blocks 65 adapted to contact with andserve as bearings for the bearing-pin 64 which pin is mounted on anintermediate portion ofthe radius-arm 61 of the toothedsector 63 whichlatter is pivoted at its lower end as shown at 62. The bearing-blocks65y justment to the bearing-blocks 65, but it may be readily understoodthat these bolts may be made as long as desired, to give greateradjustment, if required. On the stubshaft 70 a pinion 69 is mounted,whichv pinion meshes with the toothed-sector 63, and on the sameshaftthe gear-wheel 71 is mounted and adapted to meshwith the teeth 51 on thelower edge of one end of the rack-bar 34. The direct twist/ers arerotated by these mechanisms :Mrst in one direction; and then arestationary while a certain amount of lengths of wires are traversed'through them;.after which they are rotated in the opposite direction;these operationsbeing then repeated in sequence for the formation of thedirect twists shown onv the drawings. As the connecting-rod or pitman 56moves forward one of the bearing-blocks 65 contacts with the bearing-pin64 and moves the toothed-sector ,63 in one direction, therebyrotating'the direct twisters in acorresponding direction; while duringthe firstk part of the return movement of the said connecting-rod, theytoothed-sector remainsstationary, thereby causing the direct twistersto stand without rot-ating for a time; until bythe continuation ofthereturn movement of said connecting-rod, the opposite bearing-block 65contacts with the y. bearingpin 64, whereby the further` return movementof said rod rotates the direct twisters in the opposite direction;whereupon' this sequence of operations is repeated. This,therefore,makes the direct twists of netting of styles and dispositions shown onV`the drawings.

0n one of the outer ends of the twistingdrum-shaft 12 a pulley 7 2 ismounted, which connects. by means of a belt 73, with the anqed beltpulley 74 mounted on the end of t e stub-shaft 7 5 for the purpose ofdriving the same.V The stub-shaft 75 is provided with a socket toreceive and drive the winding-barrel`76, which is temporarily securedthereto in the customary way by a key as shown, and the finished nettingis wound on the winding-barrel 76 which is of usual construction. Thebelt 73 which drives the winding-barrel 76 is provided with atension-roller 77 revolubly mounted on an arm 78, agtlated by a lever 79, provided with the grip-member 80 and the pawl 81 attached thereto.The ratchet-bar 82 coperatfs with the bowl f1 to hold the bolt-roller 77in po desired; while on the lever 79 is plaie 63 adapted to slidablyhold 1 in connection with the ratchet-bar.

supporting-roller 84 is also provided. around part of the circumferenceof which the netting passes as it travels from n as the twisting-drum tothe winding-barrel.

As the roll of finished netting increases in size on the Winding-barrel76, the belt 73 may be slightly slackened byl the belbtightener ortension-roller 77 and its appurtenances, so that the said belt willslide somewhat over its pulleys while at the same time maintaining therequired degree of tautness yin the roll of netting.

Having thus given the foregoing description of the machine and theopera-tion of the various parts, I will now further describe andsummarize the operations of manufacture. i

The various wires required for the manufacture of the netting are led tothe machine directly from convenient coils or reels in the rear thereof,which, for convenience of illustration, are not shown.' Means may beprovided to produce more or less tension in said wires as they are drawninto the machine,

said tensions being varied to best producel the desired results. Theintermediate holes 85 are provided for their introduction in cases Whereintermediate longitudinal strand-wires are usedythese are led throughthe central openings 44 in the direct twisters, while the mesh-wiresorweft-wires 46 are led through the lateral holes 47 and thence issuefrom the extremities of the diagonall intermediate tubular fingers 43.The margina'l wires are led through the marginal twisters eitherconcntrically or eccentrically, as desired, as heretofore described. Thewires then pass over the twisting-drum 13 on which the fabrication iscompleted and the finished netting then passes around a portion of theidler-roller 84 and is wound in a roll on the winding-barrel 76. Thetwisting mechanism of the twisting-drum 13 serves to make the reversetwists and also clamps the wires therein to draw them through themachine with a uniform and continuous motion, and as this is done, thedirect twisters 37 and the tubular fingers thereof, coil the weft-Wiresaround each other and around the intermediate wires and the marginalwires. After one row of these direct coils' is completed across thefence, the direct twisters remain stationary for a time, due to theintermittent movement of their operating mechanisms occasioned by theaction of the slotted connecting-rod 56 as heretofore described. Whilethe direct twisters are stationary, the twisting-drum continues to pullthe wires forward and when this has been accomplished to the requireddegree, the direct by their actuating mechanisms, thereby forming thenext row of direct twists of the opposite hand. rlfhe direct twistersare then again stationary for a time, as before, w hercupon the sequenceof their operations is repeated. .kfter a row of direct twists is madeas described, the tubular lingers of the direct twisters remainstationary lfcr a time and hold the wires in the positions shown inFigs. 13 and 1i and are thereby caused to' enter the receiving notches22 by the revolution of the twisting-drain as it turnscontinuously. Thecontinued revolution of the twisting-drum ca uses thc wires to beadvanced and finally seated in the reverse twisters 14 as shown in Fig.11. The fur- .ther continuation ot' the movement of the twisting-drumcauses the rollers 26 oi' the rack-bars to contact with the twistingcani27, thereby rotating the reverse. twisters 14 inonc direction, whichmotion is continued as the twisting-drum revolves, so that before thewire` issues from the same, the

rows of the reverse twists 50 are formed. After the wires have issuedfrom the twisting-drum as shown in Fig. 3, the rollers QG on the otherends o-tl the rack-bars contact with the return cam QS and said rackbarsare thereby returned to their tirst positions ready for anotheroperation.

rlfhe reverse twisters on the drum 13 are located intermediate of orbetween the corresponding direct t-wisters, so that the centers of thereverse twisters on the drum are longitudinally opposite the medianspace between two corresponding direct twisters; the tubes of the directtwisters containing the mesh-wires are inclined as shown, whereby themesh-wires are twisted around each other, and then, by the stoppage ofthe direct twisters in the positions shown in Figs. 14 and 11,the-mesh-wires are placed and held in line for direct reception by thereceiving-notches 32 and the reverse-twisters 14. By reason of thisconstruction and arrangement no separate shifting mechanism is requiredto move the weft-wires from one side to the other, as has beencusto-many heretofore.

l prefer to stop the rotations o f the direct twisters when the tubularfingers thereof are somewhat above and below a horizontal plane passingthrough their axes of rotation. When this is done the contiguous tingersof the adjacent twisters are near together, one diagonally above theother, thereby holding one weft-wire above, and the other below saidplane and presenting the wires in positions to enter 'the advancingreceivingnotches of the twisting-drum and pass thence.

into the narrow slots of the reverse twisters in `pre-determined order,as these slots are K. rahly slightly wider than the diameter oi' onewire and consitherably narrower than ihe combined diameter-of two wirewa; when two or more Wires pass :me ois, the)v must do so in sequence.liv i. means the wires are also seated in each oi the "cverse twistersin a pre-determined older, namely-the weft-wire issuing from the lowertubular linger enters first, then the intermediate strand-wire, if used,and then the weft-wire from the upper tubular linger. B v stopping thetubular tingers in the positions just described and buv timing theirstoppage, with due regard to the advancing receiving-notches of thetwisting-drum, regular and uniform twists and n'ieshcs are insured. Asthe twisting-drum .13 revolves it. carries with it the .fabric inprocess of formation, the final twisting of which completed, before itleaves the dri-.in as shown in Fig. 3. After leaving the drum the.fabric passes behind the hitler-roller Si" and is wound in a roll on thewhirling-barrel 7h as heretofore described.

For convenience oi illustration Aand description l have shown themachine with the direct twisters side by side with their rotation axesparallel and in a horizontal plane, and with the axis of thetwisting-drum located horizontally, but I wish it understood thatitl/lese.arrangements and those of the other parts, may be modified andthat the relative or absolute positions of the various mechanisms may bevaried, without departing from the spirit of my invention. To facilitateclear illustration, the marginal strand-wires or selvage wires are shownas single wires, but these may be composed of two or more wirespreviously twisted into cable form, if desired. l

Although I have described and illustrated my invention in considerabledetail, Ido not wish to be limited to the exact and specific detailsthereof, as shown and described, but may use such modifications in,substitutions for, or equivalents thereof, as are embraced within thescope of my invention, or as pointed out. in the claims.

Iil'aving thus described my invention, what YI` claim and desire tosecure by UnitedStates Letters Patent is 1. In a machine of thecharacter described, means for continuously advancinga series of wirestherethrough, means for forming a transverse row of direct twistsbetween pairs of said wires, and means cooperating therewith forsimultaneouslx7 forming a transverse row of reverse twists fromdifferently roee crating therewith for simultaneous' ing transverse rowsot reverse tw;` diil'erently grouped wires ol' said series.

3. ln a machine of the character described, means t'or continuouslyadvancing a series ot' wires therethrougli, means for forming atransverse row ot' direct twists in one direcltion and thereafteranother transverse row ot' direct twists in the opposite direction, andmeans'cooperating therewith for simultaneously forming a transverse rowof re verse twists between each of the rows of direct twists aforesaidfrom differently grouped wires of said series.

4. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of directtwisters provided with `means for operating the same intermittentlygered relation with, the rows of direct twists aforesaid, and fromdifferently grouped wires of said series.

(i. In a machine of the character described, means for continuouslyadvancing a series of wires therethrough, means for intermittentlyforming a row of direct twists coiled in one direction and thereafterforming an other row of direct twists coiled in the opposite direction,each being formed from the same pair of -wires, and means cooperatingtherewith for simultaneously forming transversehrows of reverse twistsbetween each of the rows of direct twists aforesaid in staggeredrelation therewith, and from differently grouped wires of said series.

7 ln a machine of the character described, means for continuouslyfeeding a plurality of wires therethrough, means for twisting pairs ofadjacent wires around each other in direct twists, the adjoining rows ofwhich are of the opposite hand, meanspoiiperating therewith forsimultaneously forming transverse rows of reverse twists between theoining rows of direct twist-s, in staggered relation thereto and fromdifferently grouped wires'of said series.

8. In a machine of the character described, means for intermittentlytwisting pairs of adjacent wires around each other in direct twists, theadjoining rows of which are of the opposite hand, means cooperatingtherewith for simultaneously forming transverse rows of reverse twistsbetween the adjoining rows of direct twists in staggered relationthereto, and from diterently grouped wires J o said series, and meansJr'or continuously ,rdvancing the reverse twisting means, whereby thewires are continuously ted through the machine. A

il. ln a machine of the character described, means for intermittentlyforming transverse rows oi direct twists from adjacent pairs of wires,the adjoining rows thereof being coiled in opposite direct-ions, meanscoperating therewith for forming transverse rows of reverse twistsbetween each of the rows of direct twists aforesaid in staggeredrelation therewith, and from differently grouped wires of saidseries,'and means for continuously advancing the reverse twisting means,whereby the wires are fed continuously through the machine.

l0, ln a machine of the 'character described, the combination of aplurality of direct twisters adapted to intermittently rotate 'inopposite directions, a plurality of rows of reverse twisters in advanceofand in staggered relation therewith, means for rotating said reversetwisters and for revolving the same continuously, whereby the wires arecontinuously advanced through the machine.

ll. In a machine of the character dcscribed, the combination of aplurality of direct twisters adapted to intermittently rotate inopposite directions, a plurality ot' rows of reverse twisters in advanceof and in staggered relation therewith, means for intermittentlyrotating said reverse twisters in operative directions and oppositely inre! turn directions and for revolving the same continuously, whereby thewires are continuously advanced through the machine.

12. In a machine of the character de scribed, the combination of analined row of scribed, the combination of an alined row ot' directtwistcrs provided with means for iuterrnittently rotating them inopposite di rections. a plurality of rows olf reverse twisters inadvance oi, parallel to and in staggered relation with the roc of directtwisters aforesaid, said reverse twisters heing adapted to grip andtwist the wires, means for rotating said reverse twister-s and forrevolving the same continuously, wherehy the wires, while beinginterwovem',are continuously advanced.

14. ln a machine of the character' de scribed, a plurality of directtwisters provi,I ed with: means for intermittently rotai- ,ing saidreverse twisters.

in the same inopposite directions, a plura ity of reversev twistersarranged in Vadvance thereof, and vmounted von a continuously revolvingdrum, and means for operat- 1,5.In` a `machme of thecharacter de*scribed, a plurality of direct twisters pro' "vided with means forintermittently rotatin the `samein opposite directions, a plu! vancethereof, means operated by the revolu.

tion of the said drum for operatively 'rotating said reverse twistersand for oppositely rotating the same to their receptive positions.

,17; In a machine of theicharacter. de scribed, a plurality `of directtwisters pro-y vided with means for intermittently rotating the same inopposite directions, a plumeans for continuously revolving said drum,

ralityof reverse twisters mounted on a revolvlng drum in advance thereofand adapted to grip and twist a plurality of w1res,

and means operated thereby for alternately rotating said reversetwisters in opposite directions.

18. In a machine'of .the character described, a pluralityof. directtwisters, means for intermittently rotating the same in oppositedirections, a plurality of reverse twist- 'ers provided with gear teethrotatably .mounted on a revoluble drum 1n advance thereof, means forcontinuously revolving said drum, a rack cooperating with the gear teethof each row` of reverse twisters, a stationary twisting-cam adapted tooperate said rackand a stationary return-cam adapted to i return saidrack, thereby operating said re- ,'versc twisters and returnlng them toreceptive positions by the continuous movement of the drum aforesaid. f

19. In a machine of the character dei scribed, a plurality of directtwisters provided with means for rotating the same, in combination witha revoluble drum provided With twisting mechanism mounted thereon,adapted to be operated by the movement of said drum.

20. In a machine of -the character described, a plurality of directtwisters pro- `vided with' means for .intermittently 'rotating the samein opposite directions, in combination with a revoluble drum providedwith twistingmechanism mounted thereon adapted to be operated by themovement ot' the said drum.

Q1. In a machine of the character' described,a plurality of directtwisters, means for intermittently rotating the same in oppositiedirections, a revoluble drum and means for continuously revolving thesame, twisting mechanism mounted on said drum and adapted to be operatedby the movement thereof.

In a machine of the Acharacter de' scribed, a plurality of directtwisters provided with diagonal tubular fingers whereby the wires aretwisted and then lpositioned for further twisting, in combination with aplurality of reverse twisters mounted on a continuously revolving drumadapted to receive and further twist the wires as aforesaid, an d meansfor operating the same.

23. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of directtwisters provided with diagonal tubular fingers, means forintermittently rotating said direct twisters in opposite directions andfor stopping lthem in positions as desired, in combination with aplurality of reverse twisters located in advance lof and in staggeredrelationv therewith, means for rotating and for continuously revolvingsaid `reverse twisters,

and inclined guides adapted to revolve with the said reverse twisters,whereby the wires positioned as aforesaid, are presented thereto.

24. In a machine of the character de-v scribed, a plurality of directtwisters mounted in stationary bearings and provided`with diagonallyHaring tubular fingers, means for intermittently rotating said directtwisters in opposite directions and for stopping them in inclinedpositions, as desired, in combination with4 a plurality. of reversetwisters in advauce'of, and in staggered re lation therewith, saidreverse twisters being mounted on a drum adapted to be revolvedcontinuously, guidingmeans carried by said drum, whereby, thewirespositioned aforesaid are presented to the reverse twisters, andnieans for operating said reverse twisters by the continuous revolutionof said drum.

Q5. In a machine ot the character 4dcscrilpied, means for continuouslyfeeding a plurality of wires therethrough, a plurality oi directtwisters mounted in stationary bearings and adapted to intermittentlyrotate in opposite directions, a plurality of rotary revoluble reversetwisters located in advance thereof, and adapted to grip, twist andcontinuously advance the wires, and means for operating the same. 1

2G. In a machine for making Wire-netting, the rhnnbiimtiou with thedirect twisters, of' n revolubh :ii-mnalassio? in advance thereof undprovided with renews' for continuously revolving the same, e pluralityof rows of reverse twisters mounted on said drum adapted to be operatedby the movenient thereof, a corresponding series of inclined guidesfixed on said drum opposite each of the 'reverse twisters aforesaid,whereby the Wires will be automatically fed to the reverse twisters'.

27. In a machine for making wire-netting, the combination with thedirect twisters, ofy a revoluble drum'located in advance` thereof, meansfor continuously revolving the same, a plurality of rows of reversetwisters, ar ranged in staggered relation with the direct twistersaforesaid, mounted on said drum and adapted to be operated bythemovementthereof, a corresponding seris of inclined guides fixed on saiddrum opposite each of the reverse twisters aforesaid, where'- bythewires will be automatically fed thereto.

Q8. In amachine for maling wire fabric, the combination with the directtwistersgof a continuously revolving drum provided with rotary reversetwisters mounted thereon, means for .automatically guiding `the wiresinto the reverse twisters -by'the revolution of said drum, and means foroperating said twisters.

29. In a machine of the class described, a continuously revolving drum,a plurality of pairs of bearing members mounted thereon,

a plurality of reverse twisters `rotatabl f mounted in the bearingmembers aforesaidy, the outwardly projectin parts of said bear' Tngmembers being notc ed and adapted to automatically guide wires into saidtwisters.

30. In a machine of the class described, a continuously revolving drum,a plurality of pairs of bearing members mounted thereon, a plurality ofreverse twisters rotatably mounted in the bearing members aforesaid, theoutwardly projecting parts of said bearing members being notched andadapted to automatically guide wires into said twisters, said twisterseach being provided with gear teeth, a longitudinal groove formed in theinterior opposing faces of said bearing members, a toothed rack mountedin said groove, fixed cams mounted near the ends of said drum andadapted to coperate with the racks aforesaid, whereby the twisters areoperated and returned to the recept-ive posi tions. I

31. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of directtwisters each provided with a pair of diagonal tubular fingers means forrotating said direct twisters an stopping them in positions-as desired,1n combination with a continuously revolving drum carrying a pluralityof reverse twisters arranged in advance of and in staggered relationwith the direct twisters aforesaid, fixed iding means mounted on saiddrum and a apted to receive wires from the aforesaid tubular fingerswhen positioned, and by the revolution of said drum present said Wiresto the rotary reverse twisters, substantially as described.

32. Ina machine for making wire-neting, the combination with a pluralityof irect twisters and a plurality of reverse twisters in advance of andin staggered relation (therewith, of means for automatically guiding theWires from'the direct twisters to thev corresponding reverse twistersV33. In a machine for making wire-netting, means for continuouslyadvancing a lurality offlwires rect twisters provided with tubularfingers adapted to twist the adjoining wires and direct them to a setyof reverse twisters in advance of and in staggered vrelation with thedirect twisters aforesaid, and means for operating the same.

In testimony whereof Lhereto affix my signature in the prescncenof twowitnesses.

y JOHN A. HOLMQUIST. Witnesses: A

' J. F. GRooAN,

Romani' A. Balans.

Copies Vof this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of I'atents,

therethrolgh, a series o di-

